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Józef and Wiktoria Ulma
(詳細はServants of God Józef and Wiktoria Ulma, a Polish husband and wife, living in Markowa near Rzeszów in south-eastern Poland during the Nazi German occupation in World War II, were the Righteous who attempted to rescue Polish Jewish families by hiding them in their own home during the Holocaust. They and their children were summarily executed for doing so, like thousands of their Roman Catholic countrymen, along with the Jews they were hiding.〔Mateusz Szpytma, ( The Righteous and their world. Markowa through the lens of Józef Ulma ), Institute of National Remembrance, Poland. Due to occasional downtime of the IPN server, please see ( the machine translation ) of Mateusz Szpytma's article in Polish made available by Google Translator.〕〔 Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, ( Wystawa „Sprawiedliwi wśród Narodów Świata”– 15 czerwca 2004 r., Rzeszów. ) "Polacy pomagali Żydom podczas wojny, choć groziła za to kara śmierci – o tym wie większość z nas." (''Exhibition "Righteous among the Nations." Rzeszów, June 15, 2004. Subtitled: "The Poles were helping Jews during the war - most of us already know that."'') Last actualization November 8, 2008.〕
== The rescuers and the rescued ==
At the onset of World War II, Józef Ulma (born in 1900) was a prominent citizen in the village of Markowa: a librarian, a photographer, active in social life and the local Catholic Youth Association. He was an educated fruit grower and a bee-keeper. His wife Wiktoria (born Wiktoria Niemczak in 1912), was a homemaker. The Ulmas had six children: Stanisława, age 8, Barbara, age 7, Władysław, age 6, Franciszek, age 4, Antoni, age 3 and Maria, age 2. Another child was due to be born just days after the family's summary execution in 1944.〔
in the summer and autumn of 1942, the Nazi military police deported several Jewish families of Markowa to their deaths as part of the German Final solution to the Jewish question.〔 Teresa Tyszkiewicza, ( "Rodzina Ulmów. Miłość silniejsza niż strach" ) Bibliography: M. Szpytma: "Żydzi i ofiara rodziny Ulmów z Markowej podczas okupacji niemieckiej" in ''W gminie Markowa'', vol. 2, Markowa 2004, p. 35; M. Szpytma, J. Szarek: ''Sprawiedliwi wśród narodów świata'', Kraków 2007.〕 Only those who were hidden in Polish peasants' homes survived. Eight Jews found shelter with the Ulmas: six members of the Szall (Szali) family from Łańcut including father, mother and four sons, as well as the two daughters of Chaim Goldman, Golda and Layka.〔Wlodzimierz Redzioch, interview with Mateusz Szpytma, historian from the Institute of National Remembrance: ("They gave up their lives" ), Tygodnik ''Niedziela'' weekly, 16/2007, Editor-in-chief: Fr Ireneusz Skubis Częstochowa, Poland〕 Józef Ulma put all eight Jews in the attic. They learned to help him with supplementary jobs while in hiding, to ease the incurred expenses.〔〔Anna Poray, at "Those Who Risked Their Lives"〕
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